AC To DC Rectification
In our earlier posts, we have explained how to build a bridge rectifier circuit using four free wheeling diodes to convert alternative current(AC) into direct current(DC).
This project explains how to convert AC to DC using a single silicon bridge rectifier.
Why rectification is important?
Electrical power is distributed to the domestic/commercial/industrial users in the form of AC, because AC transmission is efficient,effective and easier than DC transmission.But many electrical equipment we use at home or at workplace in our day to day life has to be powered by DC to operate as they do not work with AC.
This is the reason for many electrical or electronic equipment, such as computers,mobile phones,battery chargers,audio amplifiers,televisions and LED lamp systems requires a DC adapter to supply power.
DC adapter converts AC to DC by using a rectification circuit configuration.
Three main parts inside a simple DC adapter are
- Transformer(commonly acts as a step down transformer for lower voltage levels)
- The rectification circuit
- One or more capacitors to filter the pulsating DC output(to get a nearly constant DC output)
Tools & Components
1 X Transformer(230V/12V)1 X Silicon Bridge Rectifier(KBL-406, 50V/4A)
1 X Electrolytic Capacitor(25V/2200uF)
Connector Wires
Soldering Iron
Multimeter
Connecting Components
Schematic Design
DC output is connected to the right side connector.
Check the AC voltage level with multimeter before connecting to the circuit.
Check the AC voltage level with multimeter before connecting to the circuit.
Check the DC voltage level with multimeter after connecting the AC input to the circuit.
We have used 230V/12V transformer as the AC input. But since KBL-406 is rated 50V/4A, you can use higher input voltage, up to the maximum rated voltage.
If you need to rectify higher voltage level(>50V), use a suitable silicon bridge rectifier with higher voltage rating.
Always consider the current rating of the rectifier before using for a specific load.
If you try to connect a load which draws higher current than the rated rectifier current,the rectifier temperature will increase.Eventually it will fail to operate and more likely it will be burned out.
PCB Layout
PCB View
Bottom View
Top View
Side View
You can watch the how we made the rectification Here.
Safety First !
Always Connect the power supply if you are absolutely sure that the components are connected correctly without changing polarity and short circuited the wiring.
Even if it seems nothing is wrong : DOUBLE CHECK EVERYTHING !!
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